Journal of Physical Studies 23(3), Article 3901 [15 pages] (2019)
DOI: https://doi.org/10.30970/jps.23.3901

DEVELOPMENT OF EQUIPMENT AND TECHNIQUES OF THE POLARIMETRIC METHOD AS AN EFFECTIVE METHOD OF ASTROPHYSICAL RESEARCH. I

S. V. Kolesnikov{1,2}

{1}Odessa I. I. Mechnikov National University
{2}Odessa National Maritime University

This review, apart from mentioning some poorly known historical facts, briefly outlines the methods of measuring polarization, which were successfully used before polarimetry came into stellar astrophysics. At that time, the registration was carried out using a photoemulsion, giving the opportunity to obtain information about the spatial distribution, including the polarization parameters. Changing radiation receivers to photoelectric photometry (PhEP) has undoubtedly been a very progressive step for astrophysical observations, on the one hand, due to the higher quantum efficiency and, on the other, due to the ability to digitize the results. This, in turn, strongly encouraged the development of statistical methods in observational astrophysics. The recent wide usage of CCD receivers allows regarding PhEP as their ``one-pixel'' analogues, and successfully use the mathematical statistics apparatus previously developed for FEP. On the other hand, CCD is not only an even more sensitive receiver; it also has a natural panorama. The following methods and the cited results obtained using them reveal the meaning of the ideas that have been successfully used. This can be of great help, for example, in the development of a new device in modern conditions, when it is extremely important to properly evaluate the features of its opto-mechanical scheme, since its change is usually not possible without the creation of a new device. From the other point of view, by understanding the instrumental limitations of our predecessors, we can more quickly identify their shortcomings, which significantly influences the formation of today's agendas in various fields of astronomical polarimetry. The last part of the paper briefly describes the methods and their results, which allowed the Crimean Astrophysical Observatory to occupy a top leading position in the world astronomical polarimetry. The methods and instruments of polarimetry that have been used productively in the Crimean school in the last quarter of the 20th and the beginning of the 21st century are described in the second article of this series, [J. Phys. Stud. 23, No. 4, in press (2019)].

PACS number(s): 95.75.Hi

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